Signs, Symptoms and Managing ADHD
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects millions worldwide. Its symptoms can be both obvious and less apparent and present differently in people of different demographics. Here are several signs of ADHD and how to begin managing them.
What is ADHD?
ADHD is defined by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that usually interferes with daily functioning. While the exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood, it’s believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. In brain scans of children with ADHD and those without, there’s a marked difference in neural structures.
Though children, especially young boys, are more often diagnosed with ADHD, anyone can have it. In fact, ADHD in adults is less diagnosed, though experts believe the number of adults living with ADHD is much higher than reported. It also presents differently in children, adults, and boys and girls.
ADHD often co-occurs with other mental health issues, including:
bipolar disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
depression
anxiety
dyslexia
autism spectrum disorder
Though the most obvious symptom of ADHD is a lack of focus, its symptoms can be more complicated. Typically, its symptoms can be placed into four categories: inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation.
Types of ADHD
Inattention
Difficulty keeping attention on tasks
Easily distracted by outside stimuli
Forgetfulness during daily activities
Problems logically prioritizing to-do lists
Overlooking small details
Hyperactivity
Restlessness or fidgeting, especially in situations where one is expected to sit still
Difficulty engaging in quiet activities
Excessive talking
Impulsivity
Acting without considering consequences
Difficulty waiting for one’s turn
Blurting out answers or interrupting conversations
Emotional dysregulation
Mood swings
Sensitivity to rejection
Difficulty coping with frustration or criticism
Becoming easily bored
Thrill-seeking
Those with ADHD may paradoxically also have issues with hyper-focusing. This means they become so engrossed in a task they aren’t aware of what’s going on around them. They may also be consistently late to social functions, heavily procrastinate, and avoid doing things they consider boring.
How to manage ADHD
Medication
Medication is often an effective component of ADHD management. Prescription stimulants can help improve focus and impulse control. Non-stimulant medications, such as norepinephrine inhibitors, antidepressants, and alpha agonists, can also be a good option for those who don’t want to take stimulants or haven’t found them helpful.
Therapy
Several psychotherapeutic approaches have had positive effects on those with ADHD. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is typically a first-line approach. It helps them develop coping strategies, improve time management skills, and address emotional regulation difficulties. Other therapies that have been proven effective are dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), interpersonal therapy, narrative therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, group therapy, and ADHD coaching. As an added benefit, therapy can also provide support for managing co-occurring conditions such as anxiety or depression.
Environmental modifications
Creating an environment conducive to focusing can greatly improve one's ability to accomplish daily tasks. Minimizing distractions, organizing workspaces, and utilizing noise-canceling headphones can help those with ADHD live a structured life. In addition to making a customized, ergonomic workspace, it’s also important to establish concrete routines. A routine can provide stability, which can help those with ADHD exert control over their lives. Visual schedules, timers, and reminders can make time management more feasible.
Healthy lifestyle choices
As with any mental health issue, taking care of the body is a crucial step in managing ADHD. Eating fresh, healthy foods full of vitamins and minerals replenishes the brain’s nutrients and can help with focusing. Getting plenty of sleep and exercise are also important for keeping the mind and body functioning well.
Getting help
If you suspect you or a loved one has ADHD, it’s important to get a proper diagnosis from a medical professional. You can devise a treatment plan that may include therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.
To learn more about how to manage your symptoms, please reach out to us for ADHD therapy.
